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Meeting	ACGS Committee Meeting 92 - Dayton - October 2003
Agenda Location	9 SUBCOMMITTEE A – AERONAUTIC AND SURFACE VEHICLES 9.5 A History of Russian Experiences in FBW
Title	A History of Russian Experiences in FBW
Presenter	Alexander V. Efremov
Affiliation	Moscow Aviation Institute
Available Downloads*	presentation video
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Abstract	There are considered the following basic principles and flight control system elements developed in Russia in fifties and sixties of the last century and used then in FBW systems, development of the first actuators for MIG17 and MIG19 and their following modification flight control system design including the development of Rate Command and altitude hold type of Flight Control System in 1960 and its tests on aircraft 3M, reduction of static margin and use of this principle in aircraft M-50 (first flight 1959) for improvement of its flight performances. There are discussed new features of the first generation of FBW aircraft: - Decrease of stability margin. - Enlargement of maneuverable potentialities. - Improvement of controllability. - Appearance of electrohydraulic actuators. - Advanced flight control laws provided necessary flying qualities of statically unstable aircraft. - Analog computers. - Increase of number of redundant systems. - New control surfaces. - Existence of mechanical channel (parallel, alternative, basic for one of the channel). There is given a general principles about the first FBW systems of aircraft (SU-24, T-4, SU-27, AN124, AN125, IL-96). There are considered the peculiarities of statically unstable aircraft and the means for suppression of instability. The typical features of the second generation of Russian FBW systems are the following: - Digital computers. - Enlargements of control modes. - Self adaptation. - New algorithms and filters for flight. - Control systems and critical regimes warning and barrier system. - Reconfiguration of control law and control surfaces. - Use of new control surfaces. The new means and improvement of actuator characteristics developed for FBW aircraft (SU37, SU-47, Buran), decrease of required rate limit are demonstrated. The basic principles of new generation of passenger FBW aircraft (TU-204, TU-334) and new manipulators used for aircraft with FBW system are considered too.