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Meeting	ACGS Committee Meeting 93 - Colorado Springs - March 2004
Agenda Location	5 SUBCOMMITTEE A – AERONAUTIC AND SURFACE VEHICLES 5.2 Hypersonic Skipping Trajectory
Title	Hypersonic Skipping Trajectory
Presenter	Houssein Youssef
Affiliation	Lockheed Martin Aeronautics
Available Downloads*	presentation
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Abstract	Two new approaches were employed to examine the benefits of skipping on un-powered entry trajectories and powered cruising trajectories. The first approach was developed to quantify the impact of shallow positive flight path skipping on down range. Significant improvements were demonstrated using the reusable launch vehicle (RLV) database in the rapid conceptual design (RCD) environment. The second approach was developed to extend the down range for global strike capabilities using periodic skipping trajectory concept. Emphases were placed on examining the design drivers that provide for the skipping trajectory edge. Starting with the unclassified NASP (UX-30) database as a reference point, several parametric variations in aerodynamic, propulsion, loading, and heating constraints were included in the trade space. The key design features for beneficial skipping trajectories were in minimizing the drag penalties during the power off phase and in realizing the weight savings resulting from the reduced heat load. Simulations results using OTIS trajectory optimization tool indicated potential fuel savings for skipping trajectory compared to cruise trajectory at certain operating conditions.