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Meeting	ACGS Committee Meeting 97 - Tahoe - March 2006
Agenda Location	5 SUBCOMMITTEE B - MISSILES AND SPACE 5.2 Autonomous Navigation for Deep Space Missions
Title	Autonomous Navigation for Deep Space Missions
Presenter	Shyam Bhaskaran
Affiliation	JPL
Available Downloads*	presentation
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Abstract	Standard navigation for deep space missions uses a combination of radiometric (Doppler and range), interferometric (Delta Differential One-way Range) and optical data types to achieve mission objectives. These data are processed on the ground to obtain orbit solutions which are then used to plan maneuvers which are sent up to the spacecraft. For various reasons (e.g., increasing science return, more challenging mission concepts, decreasing cost), it is desirable to automate some or all of the navigation functions and place them on the spacecraft. Such a system, based on optical data types, has been developed and used for limited applications on several missions. The basic elements of the optical autonomous navigation (Autonav) system are: image processing to reduce image frames to get the basic angular information, orbit determination to combine the data using a batch sequential processor and estimate the spacecraft’s trajectory, maneuver planning to compute and execute course corrections to achieve mission targets, and an executive which interfaces Autonav with the rest of the spacecraft. The three missions which used this system are Deep Space 1, STARDUST, and Deep Impact. Deep Space 1 used Autonav for the cruise and comet flyby phases of the mission. STARDUST used it primarily to track the comet Wild 2 during its flyby. Finally, Deep Impact used Autonav to impact the comet Tempel 1 using one spacecraft while imaging the resultant impact crater using another.